A paper examined the link between immigrant segregation, enclaves, and crime. Crime was found to be substantially lower in those neighbourhoods with sizeable immigrant population shares.
Source: Brian Bell and Stephen Machin, Immigrant Enclaves and Crime, DP1104, Centre for Economic Performance (London School of Economics)
Links: Paper
Date: 2011-Dec
A report said that hate crimes continued to be a serious problem across Europe – with numerous instances in 2010 of intimidation, threats, vandalism, arson, assault, and murder, targeting individuals or groups because of their ethnicity, religion, or other status.
Source: Hate Crimes in the OSCE Region: Incidents and responses, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe
Links: Report | OSCE press release
Date: 2011-Nov
A report for the equal rights watchdog said that the number of hate crimes recorded by the police service in England and Wales had fallen to 47,229 in 2010 from 50,868 in 2009. But there was still significant under-reporting of some types of targeted violence such as disability-related harassment. Some police forces, local councils, and social landlords did not always recognize their role in preventing such incidents.
Source: Neil Chakraborti, David Gadd, Paul Gray, and Sam Wright, Public Authority Commitment and Action to Eliminate Targeted Harassment and Violence, Research Report 74, Equality and Human Rights Commission
Links: Report | EHRC press release
Date: 2011-Oct
An article examined differential outcomes for people from different ethnic groups in the criminal justice system. Members of minority-ethnic groups were likely to receive, on average, more severe sentences than white offenders assessed as presenting similar levels of risk and criminogenic need.
Source: Peter Raynor and Sam Lewis, ' Risk need assessment, sentencing and minority ethnic offenders in Britain', British Journal of Social Work, Volume 41 Number 7
Links: Abstract
Date: 2011-Oct
A study examined whether the European Union had the legal competence to adopt legislation on crimes motivated by hatred against specified groups identified by reference to race, sex, sexual orientation, disability, age, and religion.
Source: Steve Peers, The Legal Grounds for Inclusive EU Legislation Against Bias Violence and Hatred, ILGA-Europe
Links: Report
Date: 2011-Oct
A new book examined the factors that drove young black people into the 'vicious cycle' of gang culture.
Source: Emeka Egbuonu, Consequences: 'Breaking the Negative Cycle', Amazon Kindle/Knowledge Bidders
Links: Summary | OBV press release
Date: 2011-Sep
An article examined the prevalence of racially motivated offending among young people, and the level of provision for such offenders. The vast majority of offenders were male and white. There was a noticeable 'north-south' split, with levels of offending in the north generally higher. Sanctions for racially motivated offences were more severe than for offences generally.
Source: Hannah Smithson, Aidan Wilcox, Leanne Monchuk, Kris Christmann, and Kevin Wong, 'The prevalence of youth racially motivated offending: what do we really know?', Probation Journal, Volume 58 Number 3
Links: Abstract
Date: 2011-Sep